Idarubicin or idarubicin hydrochloride is a sterile, semi-synthetic antineoplastic anthracycline. Professionals recommend Idarubicin in combination with other antileukemic drugs to treat acute myeloid leukemia and breast cancer. It is sold under the trade name of Zavedous. The active ingredient of this medicine is idarubicin hydrochloride, and the inactive ingredient is Lactose NF.
It comes in the strengths of 5 mg and 10 mg only administered intravenously. One should take Idarubicin 5 mg and 10 mg dosages, according to the healthcare professional. The side effects of this medicine are nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea, Sores in the mouth and throat, Stomach pain, Headache, Joint pain, Hair loss, Rash, Redness/blisters on the palms and soles. If these symptoms get worse, consult the doctor immediately. Idarubicin price in India is economical as compared to the prices of innovators or manufacturers. There are numerous certified suppliers in India delivering such medicines in India and abroad. Ikris Pharma Network is one of the reputed names in readily accessing medicines and medical facilities.
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Zoledronic Acid is a bisphosphonic acid that is an inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption (resorption of bone tissue is how osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, which results in the transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood). Zoledronic Acid is sold under the trade name Zometa. It is used to treat patients suffering from bone disorders.
The standard strength of the medicine is 4 mg. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg is administered intravenously into veins. Before taking Zoledronic Acid dosage, consult the doctor, and acknowledge the patient's medical history and present conditions. The general dosage of the medicine in hypercalcemia of malignancy is 4 mg given as a single-dose intravenous infusion for 15 minutes. The recommended dose of Zometa in patients with multiple myeloma and metastatic bone lesions from solid tumours for patients with creatinine clearance greater than 60 mL/min is 4 mg infused for 15 minutes every 3 to 4 weeks. Zoledronic Acid's common side effects are dizziness, headache, nausea, cough, diarrhoea, constipation, joint or muscle pain, etc. There are numerous severe side effects of Zoledronic Acid: renal toxicity, eye disorders, breathing problems, severe allergic reactions, etc. Zoledronic Acid is readily available in India; moreover, Zoledronic Acid cost is more reasonable than the cost of medicine manufactured by innovators. Ikris Pharma Network is one of the trusted certified suppliers in India, delivering rare medications and medical facilities in India and abroad. Linezolid belongs to a class of drugs known as monoamine oxidase ( enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines) inhibitors. The trade name of Linezolid is Zyvox. Linezolid is an antibiotic, helps in treating people suffering from infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, resistant to other antibiotics.
Linezolid comes in three forms: injection, tablets and oral suspension. After acknowledging the medical history and response to the treatment, health care professionals should recommend dosage accordingly. Linezolid injection is given by intravenous infusion, whereas tablets and oral suspension are taken orally. Drug's fatal side effects are low blood platelet and white blood cell count, reduced red blood cell count, numbness and tingling in arms and legs, damage to the nerve of the eye, lactate buildup, etc. And the common side effects are diarrhoea, nausea, fungal infections, vaginal yeast infection, headache, vomiting, etc. Linezolid tablets strength is 600 mg, injection strengths are 200, 400, 600 mg, oral suspension strength is 100 mg of Linezolid per 5 ml. Linezolid price in India is much more affordable than the costs of innovators because of the generic brand. Many suppliers are certified in India and Ikris Pharma Network is a certified supplier of rare medicines; moreover, it is a trusted brand in supplying services and drugs in India and worldwide.
Pomalidomide is a medication for the treatment of the patient for multiple myeloma (known as Pomalyst). It is anti-angiogenic and gives biological therapy. But, what is multiple myeloma? In general terms, multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer plasma cell that is presented in the bone marrow that mostly leads to bone destruction and bone marrow failure. In 2015, around 26,800 new cases were diagnosed with multiple myeloma and around 11,240 deaths were there because of new this disease. It is observed that multiple myeloma is higher in men than women. Pomalidomide is a chemical reaction derived from a similar compound to thalidomide (Celgene). The story of thalidomide was originally discovered in 1994. Thereafter, thalidomide has been proven by the FDA to cure the treatment of newly diagnosed or relapsed multiple myeloma as multiple myeloma therapy is evolving. Despite getting treatment of multiple myeloma, it is noticed that the patient's disease is getting relapsed even after initial treatment and many therapies are needed. Development history On February 08, 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Pomalidomide as a treatment for the relapsed for multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including lenalidomide and bortezomib, and have demonstrated disease progression on or within 60 days of completion of the last therapy. On May 15, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration approves Bristol Myers Squibb's Pomalyst (Pomalidomide) for AIDS–related and HIV Negative. Dosage and usage After knowing about the Pomalidomide it is necessary to know about how to intake medication and how many times in a day. Pomalidomide is a medication that is in a form of a tablet and can be taken orally through the mouth and the dosages are in form of 1mg, 2mg, 3mg, and 4mg. The recommended starting dose is pomalidomide 4 mg once daily orally on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles until disease progression or until the doctor recommends changing. After the usage and dosage, it is important to know the pomalidomide price in India, Pomalidomide price generally depends on brand to brand. If you buy innovator one the cost will be high as compare to generic brand from India. Sunitinib is an oral medicinal product used to treat:
Your healthcare practitioner will prescribe the sunitinib 50 mg for you because it is able to slow or in some cases may stop cancer’s progression. This medication may also help for shrinking some tumors. Sunitinib is not a cure and not all patients will experience the same result. Mechanism of Action: Sunitinib targets the activity of enzymes named tyrosine kinases that play a crucial role in order to transmit the chemical signals needed for the critical cellular processes. Sunitinib is involved in preventing the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumour, and preventing the proliferation of the cancerous cells. Dosage: For GIST and Kidney Cancer, 50 mg should be taken by mouth, once daily for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks off. This is called a 6-week cycle. Your healthcare practitioner will determine how many cycles of treatment you will need. For Pancreatic NET, 37.5 mg should be taken by mouth, once every day. How to take it: The sunitinib dose can be taken either with or without food. It is not recommended to drink grapefruit juice while taking this medication. As it is responsible for increasing the amount of sunitinib in the blood. Possible Side Effects: Interact with your healthcare practitioner about ways in order to handle below listed complications. The commonly reported sunitinib side effects include:
Sunitinib warnings & precautions:
Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare practitioner in case you are taking any other drugs, because it may speed up/slow down the breakdown of the sunitinib. This may lead to an increase in drug levels, which may lead to an increase in the side effects of sunitinib 50 mg. For instance:
Drug Overdose: In case you have accidentally consumed an excess dose of sunitinib, call your healthcare practitioner as soon as you can and seek immediate medical assistance. Missed Dose: Instruct patients that miss or forget a sunitinib dose by less than 12 hours to consume the missed dose immediately. Instruct patients that miss or forget a sunitinib dose by over 12 hours to consume the next scheduled dose of sunitinib at about the regular time. Storage Guidelines: Keep this medication out of reach as well as sight of infants/children. It should be stored between 15°C-30 °C in the original package. Not recommended to use following the expiry date (EXP) stated on the outer pack and label. Avoid using any damaged/tampered pack. Cost: The sutent 50 mg price may vary from branded (innovator) to non-branded (generic) drugs. Any WHO-GDP and ISO certified pharmaceutical wholesaler company can offer you this drug at best price. NOTE: The piece of information provided about sunitinib price as well as product in this article is only for the informational purposes and is not served as a substitute for the medical treatment, consultation, diagnosis of an experienced healthcare practitioner. Basal cell carcinoma (Basal-Cell Cancer), also named epithelioma, basically is the uncontrolled growth of the skin's basal cells. Basal Cells are the sort of cells that line the deepest layer of the epidermis, skin's outermost layer.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) often appears as a painless raised area of skin that can be shiny with tiny blood vessels running over it. It may also exist as a raised area with ulceration. Risk Factors: Risk factors that increase the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma are as follows:
Symptoms: Basal cell carcinoma usually occurs in the form of a painless bump/nodule that basically grows gradually. Later, it turns into an open ulcer containing a hard edge. About 90% of BCCs (Basal Cell Carcinomas) develop on the face, but they may develop on any part of the body that is sometimes exposed to the sun including; the face, neck, ears, chest, arms, back, and legs. Although the BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma) never spreads to other organs of the body and is hardly fatal, it may invade surrounding tissue and can be disfiguring in case left untreated. Prevention: Basal cell carcinoma is curable, but prevention is possible if you avoid getting excess sun. Use of sunscreen or sun-filtering clothing, and wearing a hat can be also useful. Diagnosing: Your healthcare practitioner can diagnose Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) by examining your skin and performing a biopsy. Treatment: For the Basal Cell Carcinoma treatment, there are several methods that can be used:
People with one basal cell carcinoma are also at the greater risk of developing certain others. Regular checkups are recommended for 5 years following removal of a Basal Cell Carcinoma in order to make sure the cancer has not returned, and no new ones have appeared. NOTE: The information provided in this article is only for informational purposes and is not served as a substitute for the medical treatment, consultation, diagnosis, of a qualified healthcare practitioner. Related:- FDA approves Cemiplimab as first immunotherapy to treat patients with advanced BC As a thrombopoietin-receptor agonist (TPO-RA), Romiplostim (Nplate) helps the body to produce more platelets. Thrombopoietin (TPO) specifically is the natural chemical that is produced by the body in order to instruct your bone marrow to produce more platelets. TPO-RAs are treatments that are believed to act like the body's own TPO for increasing the platelet counts that are produced.
Why have I been prescribed romiplostim 250 mcg? Romiplostim is prescribed for treating the chronic ITP in those patients who may or may not have had their spleen removed. Your healthcare practitioner has decided that romiplostim 250 mcg injection is the most suitable treatment because your disease has stopped responding to other treatments such as corticosteroids and immunoglobulins. The reason behind prescribing this treatment is to increase the platelet count in order to prevent the complications of ITP. Side effects: As with any drug, this may also be associated with few side effects. The most common romiplostim side effects are as follows:
any possible side effects, that is not listed here. How romiplostim is given? The drug romiplostim usually is recommended to be given under the supervision of your healthcare practitioner, who closely controls the quantity of romiplostim given to you. It should be given as an injection under the skin. Patients should be checked for platelet count on a regular basis and dose should be adjusted as needed. Once platelet count is under control, your healthcare provider will continue to regularly check your blood. Doses can be adjusted further for maintaining the long-term control of your platelet count. Can I self-administer romiplostim? Following suitable training, there is a little bit chance that your healthcare practitioner may also allow you to inject nplate romiplostim yourself. Please discuss with your doctor in order to know more about this. Romiplostim should be used exactly as your doctor has instructed. In case you got the approval in order to self-inject romiplostim, you must follow-up with your healthcare practitioner every month to have the healthcare practitioner determine if the drug is working for you or if other treatment is required. Following the initial month of self-injecting nplate 250, you must have to show that you can still prepare and can inject this medication correctly. What to do in case of more or less dose of romiplostim? Your healthcare practitioner will ensure that you take the precise dose of romiplostim. In case you have been given more/less dose than you should, you may not have any physical symptoms but there's a chance that the level of your blood platelet counts may change to very high or low, and this may be responsible for increasing the risk of blood clotting or risk of bleeding, respectively. Therefore, in case your healthcare practitioner suspects the more or less nplate dose than you should, it is recommended that patients should be monitored for any symptoms of side effects and appropriate treatment should be imposed immediately. And in case your healthcare practitioner has allowed you in order to self-inject and you've more or less dose than you should, then inform your healthcare practitioner as soon as you can. What to do in case of missed dose of romiplostim? Avoid skipping any romiplostim dose. If you have forgotten or missed a dose, call your healthcare practitioner in order to know when you can take your next dose. Can I stop using romiplostim? Foremost, discuss with your healthcare practitioner if you don't want to take this drug for any reason. In case you interrupt taking this medication, thrombocytopenia is more likely to reoccur. How much does romiplostim cost? Romiplostim cost for vial of 0.5mL is about 2965 INR, Make sure while buying this medication or any other prescription medication choose genuine pharmaceutical so that you will get genuine medicine. NOTE: The information provided in this article is only for informational purposes and is not served as a substitute for the medical treatment, consultation, diagnosis, of a qualified healthcare practitioner. As an inorganic compound and drug arsenic trioxide comes under the brand name trisenox, which is prescribed in order to treat cancer of the blood and bone marrow known as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It may also be recommended to be used together with another drug named tretinoin. How you have arsenic trioxide: The trisenox is given by injection into a vein by a doctor over 2 hours, usually once in a day or as instructed by a healthcare practitioner. The injection should be injected quite slowly (e.g., over 4 hours) in case patients have a reaction to the medicine such as flushing, dizziness, and fast heartbeat. Mechanism of Action: The mechanism of action of this medication is not completely clear, but it is believed to appear in order to cause cancerous cells to self-destruct. This is named programmed cell death or apoptosis, a specific natural process of self-destruction. The arsenic trioxide prevents the cancer cells from multiplying and can keep cancer cells from being supplied with necessary nutrients that are involved in feeding their growth. Side effects of Arsenic Trioxide: The most commonly occurred arsenic trioxide side effects are listed as follows:
What is the most crucial information I must know about arsenic trioxide? The trisenox may cause fatal complications by changing the mechanism of the immune system. Contact your healthcare practitioner immediately if you're struggling with a fever, weight gain, swelling, pain while breathing, increased heart rate, or feeling like you might pass out. The arsenic trioxide uses are responsible for causing a serious heart problem. You're comparatively at increased risk if you're using certain other drugs. Interact with your healthcare team about all medications you're taking currently. Ask for emergency medical assistance if you have increased heartbeats, fluttering in the chest, sudden dizziness and shortness of breath. What may interact with this medicine? Do not take arsenic trioxide injection with any of the following medicines:
Arsenic trioxide may affect the fertility in male patients. Although, it is crucial to consider birth control in order to prevent pregnancy because this agent may harm the unborn baby in case a pregnancy does occur. Breastfeed needs to be avoided while receiving it, and for minimum 14 days after the last dose. What happens in case of overdose of arsenic trioxide? In case you or someone else may have overdosed on trisenox, call your healthcare practitioner or the Poison Control center. What happens in case of missed dose? It is absolutely necessary not to forget your required dose. Get in touch with your healthcare practitioner if you are not able to keep an appointment. Where should I keep my medicine? Store trisenox at controlled room temperature (15°C to 30°C). Unused portions of every vial need to be discarded precisely. Avoid saving any unused portions for later administration. How much does arsenic trioxide cost? The arsenic trioxide price may vary from branded to generic (non-branded) drugs. The price of a single vial of 10 mL injection may range from 412 INR to 818 INR. NOTE: The information provided in this article is only for informational purposes and is not served as a substitute for the medical treatment, consultation, diagnosis, of a qualified healthcare practitioner. It is believed that the decreased levels of a protein named p120 catenin, can help in order to prevent the formation of tumor, may elaborate why a few patients basically occur the resistance to the epidermal growth factor receptor targeted cancer therapy.
According to an early-stage study, held at the Penn State University College of Medicine demonstrated that cells with high epidermal growth factor receptor levels single handedly were responsive to the therapy, but patients with the increased epidermal growth factor receptor levels and decreased level of p120 catenin quickly developed the resistance. The EGFR gene encodes a transmembrane protein, which has an absolutely crucial role in order to the division of cells as well as survival. Mutations in the EGFR are responsible for the overexpression of protein and out of controlled cell division. This process is directly associated with numerous cancers including lung cancer, anal cancers and glioblastoma, among several others. The gefitinib was developed in order to target the abnormal epidermal growth factor receptor expression, it was approved in the year of 2003. From then to now minimum 4 more medications in this family have been developed such as erlotinib and afatinib. Although epidermal growth factor receptor targeting therapies are useful in about 75% of patients, many developed resistance as well as relapse within the initial year of treatment. Approximately 70% of reasons for relapses are known, and can be because of the epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, or blocking of the cell pathways required for the protein in order to act precisely. However, 30 percent of cases are not accounted for. According to Stairs, a Penn State Cancer Institute researcher, "Alluding scientists are the still some reasons for resistance". "A few factors have indicated that the excess EGFR and less p120 catenin is mainly responsible for causing the cancer". "Apart from this, less p120 catenin protein is also responsible in order to cause resistance to the therapies of EGFR,” He added. On behalf of Journal PLoS ONE, Stairs and team cultured genetically-engineered esophageal cancer cells prior to treating them with the EGFR targeted medication named gefitinib. Single cell lines carried normal levels of epidermal growth factor receptor as well as p120 catenin, one had increased epidermal growth factor receptor, one increased p120 catenin, and one increased epidermal growth factor receptor and decreased p120 catenin. Of the couple of groups of cells with increased epidermal growth factor receptor, those with the normal levels of p120 catenin died as if the therapy was effective. But, the cells in the group with increased epidermal growth factor receptor and decreased p120 catenin resisted treatment with the drug named gefitinib 250 mg. All these outcomes are promising, but still at an initial stage. Scientists are going to look at cells from the patients with epidermal growth factor receptor positive cancers, resistant to the therapies to research the working of protein named p120 catenin. They also need to determine whether this resistance develops across all medications targeting epidermal growth factor receptor cancers. According to the words of Stairs, "It is crucial to find out how the p120 catenin loss is responsible in order to cause this resistance. “It is also necessary to find out if in case any patient with excess epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in their samples also should be tested for the p120 catenin levels. In order to do so, it may be helpful to know who is at the risk for resistance to EGFR-targeting therapies or relapse, "He added. Trastuzumab specifically is a targeted cancer medication and is also called by its brand name, Herceptin.
It is prescribed for the treatment of cancers that have large amounts of a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), such as: early as well as advanced breast cancer and advanced stomach cancer. This medication may be given by slow injection into a vein and injection just under the skin. The first dose is given over 90 minutes. If well-tolerated subsequent maintenance doses can be given over 30 minutes. Precautions:
Warnings:
Nintedanib is recommended in order to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in adult patients. The drug helps delay the disease progression.
Nintedanib is used together with docetaxel in order to treat non-small cell lung cancer which may be advanced, or where the cancerous cells have reached to other parts of the body in adult patients who showed treatment failure with first-line chemotherapy. The recommended adult dose is nintedanib 150 mg, should be consumed twice daily about 12 hours apart. The nintedanib dose can be reduced to 100 mg 2 times daily in occurrence of any adverse reactions. Precautions:
What is Nintedanib indicated for? Nintedanib falls under the class of kinase inhibitors. It is indicated in the treatment of IPF and NSCLC. What are the common adverse reactions of Nintedanib?
How does Nintedanib act? As an anti-cancer medication, nintedanib acts by inhibiting the action of enzymes involved in multiplication of cancerous cells. Thereby, it helps in order to reduce the growth as well as spread of cancer. Can I take erythromycin together with Nintedanib? No, you need to avoid taking erythromycin together with nintedanib as it may be responsible for increasing the nintedanib's levels in blood resulting in increased risk of side effects. Please consult your healthcare practitioner prior to taking other drugs with Nintedanib. Is Nintedanib safe for pregnant women? No, Nintedanib needs to be avoided during pregnancy as it may be responsible for causing harm to an unborn child and may lead to birth defects. Does Nintedanib cause diarrhoea? Yes, this medication may be responsible for causing diarrhoea. You must consume plenty of fluids in order to avoid dehydration. However, in case the condition persists or worsens, please consult a healthcare provider. Is Nintedanib safe for children? Nintedanib is not recommended for children aged below 18 years as the safety as well as effectiveness were not specified. Can I stop taking Nintedanib on my own? No, it is not recommended to stop taking this drug on your own even in case you find symptomatic relief as interrupting nintedanib suddenly may be responsible for causing the recurring symptoms. However, please talk to your doctor in case you have any discomfort while taking this medicine. NOTE: The piece of information provided about "Precautions and warnings before buying Nintedanib" in this article is for informational purposes and is not served as a substitute for the medical treatment, consultation, diagnosis of an experienced or qualified healthcare practitioner. Lung cancer:
Mostly occurring in smokers, this type of cancer begins in the lungs and spread to other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, bones, brain, etc. According to statistics, near about 40% of newly detected lung cancer cases have already reached the advanced stage. Usually, there are two types of lung cancers- non-small cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer. Treatments for each of these vary depending on the extent of the condition. Sites of Lung Cancer Metastases The most common areas where lung cancer can spread are lymph nodes, liver, bones, brain, and adrenal glands.
The initial symptom, in this case, is a muscle pull that will develop into chronic sharp pain in the later stages. In fact, due to the tumor, the bone structure may get weak, and the patient may have a fracture. Bone metastasis of lung cancer may also cause hypercalcemia – where the calcium releases into the blood due to the breakdown of the bones.
Related: ASTRAZENECA’S TAGRISSO CUTS THE RISK OF EGFR-POSITIVE LUNG CANCER PATIENTS DEVELOPING BRAIN METASTASES.
Each of these conditions can be treated by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or surgery. In some cases, two or more forms of therapies are required to manage the condition. However, lung cancer cases that have spread to different regions of the body usually have an abysmal statistical prognosis. There are only a few exceptional cases where patients have survived for several years after being diagnosed with lung cancer metastases. Conclusion Other than the traditional forms of treatment like chemo and surgery, newer and better approaches are coming to the surface, such as immunotherapy, which makes the immune system of the patient strong enough to fight cancer. It is also essential to understand that all forms of treatment won’t be effective for all types of lung cancer patients. There are several factors to be kept in mind, such as genetic mutations, health history, age, and many more before opting for treatment. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is a rare type and slow-progressing blood cancer that starts from the bone marrow and spreads to other parts of the body. It is mostly seen to occur in elderly adults. In the early stages, the symptoms aren’t so prominent. Therefore, in most cases, it is diagnosed at the later stages. As the disease progresses, the cancer cells grow and divide, thus increasing in the bone marrow and traveling through other parts of the body through the bloodstream. Although it is a slow-growing disease, the condition can transform into a rapidly-growing acute leukemia case that is extremely hard to treat.
Causes of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia The condition is developed as a result of the translocation of genetic material between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22. Thus, an abnormal fusion gene named BCR-ABL 1 is created that triggers the cell to become cancerous and multiply substantially. The following risk factors can also be taken into account:
Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia If you come across any of the following symptoms, it is best to get diagnosed immediately:
Treatment Procedure of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia The three types of systematic therapies that can treat this condition are:
Targeted Therapy It is the most common approach to this condition. Specific drugs are used to target the genes of the cancer cells in order to destroy them and stop their growth. These drugs are classified as BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Even though they cause side effects, it is quite manageable and not consistent. The following targeted drugs are helpful in this scenario:
Other than these, there are drugs like Bosutinib and Ponatinib, which can also be prescribed to patients if other treatments did not work effectively. Chemotherapy Like targeted therapy, chemotherapy is also the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells or slow down its growth. Here, treatment is conducted in cycles over a certain period. Depending upon the extent of the disease, a patient may be prescribed one or more than one medicine to treat the disease. Drugs like Hydroxyurea are given to patients in the first stage to lower the WBC production in the body and reduce the size of the spleen to address the condition more prominently. Synribo or Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is another chemo drug that is given to patients to treat the CML when it has entered the accelerated phase already. It is administered intravenously daily for a week or two, followed by a break where the body is given time to heal from the side effects like weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, etc. Immunotherapy Also known as biological therapy, immunotherapy is effective for boosting the patient’s immune system to fight cancer. Alferon, Infergen, Intron-A are laboratory-made materials that aid the process. This approach can be undertaken in both initial and advanced stages. Needless to say, this form of treatment will also have certain side effects such as flu-like symptoms, loss of appetite, and fatigue. Note that immunotherapy isn’t required if the body is responding well to the other forms of treatment. Conclusion The above-mentioned treatment regimens are quite commonly approached measures to deal with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. However, in exceptional cases, the patient can also go for bone marrow/stem cell transplantation. There are certain risk factors that the doctor will discuss before prescribing for it. CML diagnosed in the first stages has a chance of getting cured without any remission with the help of targeted or chemotherapy. Patients who have recovered from the condition can opt for palliative care as well to bring about an improvement in the quality of life. Related:- All about Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Melphalan, an antineoplastic agent, basically acts as a bifunctional alkylating agent. It is recommended for treating multiple myeloma, early and advanced breast cancer, advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma, polycythaemia vera and childhood neuroblastoma.
This antineoplastic agent is also used for the localized soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities and regional arterial perfusion in the localized malignant melanoma. List of some guidelines for patients for patients before taking Melphalan 50 mg
Gefitinib works by blocking a protein called ‘epidermal growth factor receptor’ (EGFR). This protein plays a crucial role by involving in the growth as well as spread of cancer cells.
Gefitinib is used to treat adults with non-small cell lung cancer. This cancer is a kind of disease in which the malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the lung. Following are the guide for patient who are taking Gefitinib 250 mg:
The abnormality in a chromosome is known as ROS1 that usually occurs in the cells of NSCLC. This genetic mutation appears approximately 1-2% of people diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer. The ROS1-positive lung cancer is mainly found in adenocarcinoma subtype of people whose tumors are negative for other so-called driver mutations.
ROS1 rearrangement is basically an aggressive form of lung cancer. It has potential in order to spread quite rapidly. However, with the help of newer medicines are able to manage the disease and able to keep the cancer from progressing for extended periods. This new era's advanced treatment can provide a better prognosis compared to the previous generation treatment options. Signs & Symptoms of the ROS1-Positive Lung Cancer: ROS1 lung cancer is basically related with adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is known as the most common type of Non-small cell lung cancer. In this cancer the tumors usually develop in tissue right near the outer parts of the lungs. In the early stages of the cancer there are usually no symptoms. When the adenocarcinoma progresses to the point that tumors interfere with the breathing, signs may include:
Causes: The cell genes mainly act as a blueprint for the proteins which are involved in order to regulate the growth as well as division of the cells. When any respective gene is damaged, mutated, or rearranged, it starts producing an abnormal protein, which mainly performs the abnormal functions. There are certain factors that associated with the ROS1-positive lung cancer. Age: The median age of people with ROS1 rearrangements is approximately to be 50.5. Sex: ROS1 is quite common in women, with the occurrences of 64.5%. Smoking history: A higher percentage, approximately 67.7% are never-smokers. Current Testing Method for ROS1-Positive NSCLC: The most common ROS1 fusion partners are CD74, SLC34A2, CCDC6, and FIG. Currently, no FDA-approved companion diagnostic tests exist for ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. There are several methods in order to detect the ROS1 rearrangements such as FISH, IHC, NGS and RT-PCR. FISH: Break-apart FISH can be considered to be the gold standard for detecting the ROS1 rearrangements and can be performed on the biopsy or cytologic specimens. IHC: IHC is the most cost-effective method for detecting the ROS1-positive non small cell lung cancer. Several ROS1 mono- and polyclonal antibodies are commercially available, and at least one exhibits sensitivity close to 100%. However, IHC staining is less specific than FISH, and staining results can be operator dependent. IHC staining can be performed on most tissue types, and ROS1-positive IHC shows diffuse expression in more than 75% of tumor cells with moderate-to-strong staining intensity. RT-PCR: The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR for detecting ROS1 rearrangements is high and facilitates the identification of ROS1 fusion partners. However, this assay requires the use of fusion-specific primers and therefore cannot be used to identify novel rearrangements. The use of RT-PCR is also limited by the requirement for good-quality RNA, which may be difficult to obtain from smaller tumor samples. NGS: With the help of NGS doctors get the rapid, high-throughput sequence data from a sample and provide the multiplex testing that enables the simultaneous pooling and sequencing of large numbers of DNA libraries during a single run. The novel as well as known gene fusions of the ROS1 rearrangements may be detected with the help of this assay. Also, there are limitations of NGS such as higher costs, a requirement for more tissue while on processing, and a longer processing time period compared with IHC and FISH. Current Approved Treatment: The ROS1-positive tumours are the third clinically actionable subtype after the EGFR-mutated as well as ALK-rearranged non small cell lung cancer to hold US FDA approval for targeted therapy, the TKI crizotinib. Treatment with the help of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), basically targets the ROS1 kinase domain. It is mainly considered as the standard care. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been shown to have a robust as well as durable response. Crizotinib: Crizotinib approved as a first-line treatment for patients with the advanced ROS1-positive non small cell lung cancer. This drug is the first FDA-approved agent for treating patients with the metastatic non small cell lung cancer whose tumours contain ROS1 rearrangements. Common side effects: Visual disturbances is the most common adverse effect reported with crizotinib. Ceritinib: The TKI ceritinib is approved for the treatment of patients with the metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC and is being explored for the participants with the advanced ROS1-positive Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. Common side effects: The most common adverse effects associated with the ceritinib treatment include: nausea, diarrhea and anorexia. Entrectinib: Entrectinib is a small-molecule TKI that has been shown to have activity against tumors with ROS1 rearrangements as well as ALK and NTRK1/2/3 rearrangements. Cabozantinib: The preclinical data has shown the drug might overcome crizotinib resistance in ROS1+ cancer in initial studies. However, the required dosage makes the drug difficult in order to tolerate for several patients. Cabozantinib holds the US FDA approval for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (as Cometriq) and renal cell carcinoma (as Cabometyx). Lorlatinib: Lorlatinib mainly is a third generation TKI. It is active against the ROS1 as well as ALK rearrangements. This medication rationally designed in order to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and overcome ALK-resistance mutations. Lorlatinib recently holds the approval for treating advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer in those patients whose disease has progressed after the second-generation ALK inhibitor. Read:- EGFR Positive lung cancer For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, exon 21 substitution, or exon 19 deletion mutations, the FDA has finally given approval to the combination of Erlotinib Tarceva and Ramucirumab on May 29th, 2020.
The efficacy of Ramucirumab and Erlotinib combination was established by conducting a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational analysis (RELAY) in patients who were previously not treated for metastatic EGFR-positive type non-small cell lung cancer. A total of 449 patients participated in the test who were allocated to either receive 10mg/kg Ramucirumab arm or placebo arm as an intravenous infusion group for every two weeks. It was given in combination with Erlotinib 150 mg orally, once a day, until the body showed signs of unbearable toxicity or disorder advancement. The major endpoint of the study was the recorded progression-free survival (PFS) that had been evaluated by the investigator response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST v1.1). The additional efficacy endpoints were overall survival, the duration of response along with the overall response rate. While the median PFS recorded was 19.4 months for Erlotinib 150 mg and Ramucirumab group, it was 12.4 months for the placebo+ Erlotinib group. Similarly, the median duration of response for the Ramucirumab+ Erlotinib group and the placebo+ Erlotinib group was 18 months and 11.1 months, respectively. The adverse reactions that were observed were quite manageable and usual such as peripheral edema, hypertension, infections, epistaxis, alopecia, and stomatitis. The typical laboratory abnormalities were aspartate, elevated alkaline phosphatase, neutropenia, Hypokalemia, and anemia. The occurrence rate of adverse events was higher than the laboratory abnormalities in patients who were treated with Ramucirumab and Erlotinib than in patients who received the placebo+ Erlotinib treatment. All these instances were in favor of the fact that the combination of Ramucirumab and Erlotinib is an effective first-line treatment to cure metastatic NSCLC. To treat localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy is most commonly approached forms of treatment. The process aims to eliminate the prostate gland and the nearby lymph nodes where cancer could have spread to. However, in some cases, radiation therapy is also opted for after surgery that can have a negative toll on urinary and sexual functions of the patient. It must be mentioned here that this is not the case for men who undergo only radical prostatectomy. This has been published in a recent study of the Urologic Oncology.
It must be stated here that the timing of radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy is a grey area as of now because their impact on sexual, urinary and bowel functions has not yet been determined or understood thoroughly. The recent data collected are useful for a proper discussion between the urologists and patients. CEASAR- Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Surgery and Radiation This prospective and population-based study has been conducted via thorough observation with men who had been diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. It has been found out that if radiation therapy has been conducted right after radical prostatectomy, the decline in sexual functions is reportedly more severe than in men who have undergone radiation therapy after a considerable amount of time (24 months) of RP. Not only is this but without any compromise in the oncologic control, the data suggestive of the fact that if the patient is given an approximate recovery time of about 2 years, the erectile function can be preserved. This particular study included 1482 men who underwent RP surgery to cure localized prostate cancer. Only 11.5% received adjuvant radiation therapy within a time span of 5 years. Among them, 113 had received salvage radiation therapy. The reported sexual, urinary and bowel functional outcomes, reported by patients, were examined by the doctor at 6, 12, 36 and 60 months after enrollment. Conclusion It has been concluded that the median time from radical prostatectomy to radiation therapy was 7.3 months while from RP to salvage RT, it was recorded as 28.5 months. Patients who received adjuvant radiation therapy were reported to have lower hormonal domain scores in the initial 2 years after radical prostatectomy compared to men who had undergone surgery alone or surgery along with salvage radiation therapy. The study proved the claim that patients who received RT post radical prostatectomy experience significant urinary and sexual problems as they had worse scores in all the domain and the timing of radiation therapy also did not count in this case. Read:- EGFR and Targeted cancer therapy Gadavist is used intravenously to conduct MRI in adults and children (2 years and above) to detect the abnormal vascularity of the Central Nervous System and view the areas with a blood-brain barrier. It is a gadolinium-based contrast agent that is also used for breast MRI, which would help detect the disease and evaluate to what extent it has spread inside the body.
It is regarded as an essential tool for healthcare professionals dealing with breast cancer patients, which would help in choosing the form of therapy that can bring about the best response. It can also be used in adults who have been diagnosed (or suspected) with Coronary artery disease to assess the myocardial perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement. For magnetic resonance angiography or MRA, Gadavist is useful for evaluating supra-aortic or renal artery disease in both adults and children. The safety profile this agent has also been established through effective clinical trials, conducted on 7713 patients that involve both pediatric patients and adults. The healthcare industry has achieved another milestone with Gadavist finally gaining approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. The Imaging Bulk Package is available in two sizes – 30ml and 65ml. So far, it has been planned to be used across several patients, and work shifts up to 24 hours after the first puncture of the Imaging Bulk Package. The company has also claimed that the bulk package has a high chance of complete usage that would automatically lead to fewer vials getting wasted. Not only that, but the bulk package has also stayed true to the Joint Commission requirements to multi-patient dosing. Apart from that, the MEDRAD® Imaging Bulk Package Transfer Spike has also been cleared by the FDA for the transfer of Gadavist contrast media as supplied in the Imaging Bulk Package Presentation. It is the one and only FDA-approved Imaging Bulk Package MR contrast media for use that offers a series of key features to support radiology workflow. By utilizing a single multi-dose setup directly in the scan room, it is also possible for technologists and nurses to prepare as well as administer weight-based dosing. The Head of Region Americas, Bayer Radiology, claimed that the ever-changing dynamics of the healthcare environment had led them to dedicate and invest in innovative solutions that will be able to address the challenges and the unmet needs of the hospitals. Sourece url: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200813005263/en/FDA-Approves-Gadavist%C2%AE-gadobutrol-Imaging-Bulk-Package Read:- All about Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Continuous and uncontrollable division of cells in the breast causes breast cancer. Breast cancer is cured with the help of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, surgery, Radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. This cancerous cell requires hormones such as estrogen or progesterone for its cell division and growth. If this hormone is not supplied to the cell it will shrink and die within a limited period.
Having a baby during breast cancer treatment should be strictly avoided as the therapies or the breast cancer medication used in the treatment can have potential damage to the fetus leading to an abnormal unborn baby. After the treatment of breast cancer, the medication can have a side effect on ovaries leading to temporary or permanent infertility. However, the health of ovaries can be checked by a blood test or ultrasound scan. There is no proof till date that shows that having pregnancy on the basis of past cancer can affect the health of women or baby however pregnancy is avoided by the health care professional in case of breast cancer but nowadays women at young age possess breast cancer which makes it necessary to attain pregnancy after the treatment. Attaining pregnancy after the treatment is not a big issue if the women have ER-negative breast cancer. The survival rate of pregnant women having ER-negative breast cancer in the past is approximately 42% lower than the other patient having ER-positive breast cancer. Chances of recurrence of breast cancer are high if the woman becomes pregnant and has ER-positive breast cancer. When women acquire pregnancy the level of estrogen rises, this estrogen may cause the growth and multiplication of left out cancerous cells that were accidentally left during the surgery or therapies. According to findings, it is suggested that women should avoid pregnancy after ER-positive breast cancer however if it is necessary the pregnancy can be practiced five to ten years after the therapy. Commonly Asked Questions 1. Can pregnant hormone (estrogen) cause breast cancer? Ans:- Estrogen typically does not cause breast cancer, this hormone can only enhance the growth of past left out breast cancer cells. 2. How many years should a woman wait after breast cancer treatment for having pregnancy? Ans:- There are no findings regarding this but it is assumed that patients having ER-negative breast cancer should at least try a baby after two years of breast cancer treatment and patients suffering from ER-positive breast cancer should try after 5 to 10 years. Read:- Risks of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) for People Who Are with Breast Cancer 7/31/2020 Some important point about COVID-19; Must Need to Know By People with Chronic DiseaseRead NowThe COVID-19 pandemic has spread around the globe. People who are elder and with pre-existing chronic diseases or conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, respiratory conditions and diabetes appear to be at the higher risk of developing problems and are at the higher risk of death.
We are still learning about COVID-19. For people who are infected with the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease), there is a wide range in infection severity from no symptoms to severe pneumonia and risk of death. According to the health Agencies there are people who are at the higher risk of the developing severe illness or complications from the infection of COVID-19. Although a lot of people who recover from the infection of COVID-19, and with chronic diseases are at higher risk of death if they become ill. This includes:
Diabetes: In diabetes, the patient does not produce enough insulin that can break down sugar. In the absence of insulin the sugar level increases to high risk. High blood sugar levels suppress the immune system and thus patients are at high risk of coronavirus. A diabetic patient needs to increase their physical activity and improve their diets. Some of the food that should be avoided are cake, sweets, potatoes, bread, chapatis, and pasta. Heart Conditions: A patient suffering from the heart condition does not have any physical symptoms. They have to follow a diet according to the diabetic patient containing high protein and low carbohydrates. Asthma and COPD: A patient suffering from asthma should take an inhaler 2 or 3 times a week. A word every condition that can cause severe respiratory problems and pneumonia in this coronavirus pandemic as it can worsen the respiratory problems. How can I avoid getting sick with COVID-19? The best way in order to protect yourself from COVID-19 is following the protective self-isolation as well as maintaining physical distance. Stay away from other people who are ill. If you feel sick yourself, stay away from others. Avoid contact with people if they have travelled or are a contact of a COVID-19 case.
Will wearing a mask can protect me from being infected? Wearing a face mask (surgical or procedural) does not protect against the COVID-19 infection. Our instructions for patients with chronic health conditions are the same as for others. In general face masks should be used by sick people in order to prevent the spread of germs to others, health care workers, or those who are caring for a person with the symptoms of COVID-19. Should I still go to my medical appointments? If possible, you should only leave your house in order to fulfill your medically necessary appointments. It’s quite necessary to ensure you receive medical care for your chronic conditions without any obstacles. What should I do if I have to leave my home?
What if I get sick? Do I need a test? Pay attention to your health. If you experience cold, influenza or COVID-19-like signs and symptoms, you can use COVID-19 Self-Assessment Tool in order to help determine if you need further assessment for COVID-19 testing by a healthcare practitioner Or doctor. Should I stay at home?
Should I need to change my travel plans? The Health Agencies are advising travellers in order to avoid all the non-essential travel outside of their region and avoid cruises. According to the Health advisories people with chronic conditions should consult with their healthcare provider prior to any travel. Things need to do while seeking medical care if you are carrying chronic diseases:
Daratumumab is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with multiple myeloma:
How does Daratumumab work? Darzalex contains the active substance daratumumab. It basically belongs to a group of medicines known as monoclonal antibodies. Daratumumab attaches to myeloma cells and works in multiple ways in order to kill the cancerous cells. You may be prescribed this medicine with other multiple myeloma medications, or you may have used other multiple myeloma drugs previously. It works differently compared to these other medicines. Side Effects of Daratumumab: The most common side effects include:
Usual dose: Your doctor will determine your dose of Daratumumab. This will directly depend on the body weight. The usual starting dose of daratumumab is 16 mg per kilogram of body weight. It can be given alone or together with other medicines used to treat multiple myeloma (i.e. bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone, melphalan, or prednisone). When given alone or with some medicines, Daratumumab is given as follows:
In the first week your healthcare provider may give you the daratumumab dose split over two consecutive days. Dosage forms: This drug is a colorless to pale yellow, preservative-free solution available as: Injection:
Missed Dose: It is very important to go to all your appointments. If you miss an appointment, tell your doctor and make another one as soon as possible. Daratumumab Cost: This drug is available at a very promising price. A respective patient can purchase it from any legitimate pharmaceutical company. Prescribing Information: To know more please see prescribing information. Prior to initiating any treatment, discuss with your physician. This is only for information purpose. Breast cancer has become very common in recent years. With the advancement in technology the medical treatments have also advanced and so has the medications for diseases like lung cancer, HIV, and breast cancer. Capecitabine is an oral treatment of breast cancer that acts as a chemotherapy drug.
This drug is also known as Xeloda. A good hospital will always guide its patients about this drug in order to make it easy for the cancer patient to understand what will be the side effects. Capecitabine 500 mg tablet has been proved effective when it comes to breast cancer treatment. Many doctors say it can be used with other drugs but it is more effective when used alone. The dosage of capecitabine 500 mg for breast cancer patients is prescribed for 4.3 months by the most professional doctors but there are some capecitabine side effects that should be taken care of. Apart from breast cancer capecitabine, 500 mg is effective for colorectal cancer. The whole treatment takes a 21-day period for each cycle which is repeated for almost 4 months. When the drug is taken it absorbs into the blood through the digestive system which then travels throughout the body especially in the breast cancer cells where it helps it to convert them into chemotherapy drugs called 5FU. Side effects of Capecitabine- This causes nausea sometimes due to the heavy capecitabine dose. So it is very important for the breast cancer female to take care of their diet and try to avoid food which can make them uncomfortable. Other side effects are vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, tiredness, and even cause trouble sleeping. Moreover, capecitabine can also cause hair to lose. Some women lose all hair but few only lose eyebrow hair. Effects on the blood: The most common side effect of this drug is that it can affect the number of blood cells in your body. Due to this, the ability to make blood cells by the bone marrow will decrease. Risk of infection in your body: Breast cancer can cause the white blood cell to fall excessively. This loss of white blood cells is called neutropenia. Due to the decrease in the white blood cell, your body will increase the risk of infection. Anemia: Another capecitabine side effect is anemia. Breast cancer can cause you to lose red blood cells which can make you tired and breathless. Bleeding: Capecitabine 500 mg can decrease the number of platelets in your body that will help the blood to clot. You will face nose bleeding, bruise, and even your gums would bleed. It is recommended to talk to your doctor immediately if you face something like this. Diarrhea: The most common cause is diarrhea. Sometimes it can be very bad. But it is always helpful to take a separate medication in such a condition. You can also stop taking capecitabine dose in order to recover from severe diarrhea. Sore mouth: One major cause is a sore mouth. Capecitabine can make your mouth sore and can cause a bad smell. Mouthwash and gums are recommended by the doctors so you do not feel sicker. Here are a few ways this tablet is given:
In order to avoid any kind of distress, you should consult a doctor whatever you feel after the capecitabine dose. Also, make sure you follow the prescribed medication for breast cancer. Read:- How Trastuzumab is helpful in breast cancer treatment Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells start to grow uncontrollably in the body. Lung cancer is the condition when the disease starts in the lungs. The uncontrollable cell growth in the lungs leads to the growth of tumors that reduce a person's ability to breathe.
It is a medical condition that most commonly occurs in the people who smoke. Its symptoms include cough (usually with blood), weight loss, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, appetite loss, change I'm voice such as hoarseness, etc. But these symptoms often appear in the later stage of the condition. There are mainly two types of significant lung cancer -
Below mentioned are some medicinal drugs used for the treatment of lung cancer: 1. Gefitinib: Gefitinib is the drug used for the treatment of lung cancer. It blocks a particular type of protein called tyrosine kinase. This drug also slows down or stops the growth of cancer cells. Dosage: The Gefitinib tablets are taken with or without food often once daily, or as directed by your doctor. Side-Effects: The drug may include side effects such as - diarrhea, hair loss, vomiting, nausea, sore throat or mouth, weakness, or nail problems. Consult your doctor and pharmacist immediately if the side effects continue. 2. Erlotinib: Erlotinib tablets is a cancer treatment drug used to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Dosage: For NSCLC, the recommended dosage is erlotinib 150 mg, taken on an empty stomach. Or as directed by the doctor according to your medical condition. Side-Effects: Diarrhea, rash, fatigue, vomiting, nausea, cough, poor appetite, or shortness of breath. 3. Nintedanib: Nintedanib is an oral medication used to treat some types of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Dosage: Nintedanib 150 mg is recommended to be taken twice daily, at the interval of approx 12 hours. 100 mg dosage is recommended to those patients who have less tolerance to 150 mg nintedanib dose. Side-Effects: Diarrhea, nausea, stomach or abdominal pain, vomiting, liver problems, liver enzymes elevation, etc. 4. Afatinib: Afatinib is a first-line effective treatment for certain types of lung cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It belongs to a class of medications called tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Dosage: Afatinib 40 mg is to be taken daily on an empty stomach, usually 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after a meal. Do not take another missed dose within 12 hours of the next dose. Side-Effects: The side effects of this drug include - diarrhea, skin conditions resembling acne (Acneiform eruption), mouth sores, dry mouth, or infection of nails (Paronychia). 5. Sirolimus: Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin , along with other medications, is used to prevent the rejection of kidney transplants. It belongs to a class of drugs called immunosuppressants, that weakens the immune system so that the body can accept the new organ as its own. It is also used for the treatment of a certain lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Dosage: The initial dosage is 2 mg sirolimus tablets a day. It is recommended to measure sirolimus whole blood trough concentrations in every 10 to 20 days for adjustment of dosage and to ensure the concentrations between 5 and 15 ng/mL. Side-Effects: Fever, cold, stuffy nose, sneezing, mouth sores, diarrhea, stomach, chest pain, nausea, headaches, muscle aches, dizziness, or acne. Note: All the medications mentioned above must be taken as per the doctor's instructions and prescription. Do not consume any medicinal drugs on your own. One must go through the prescription and take medicine or dosage recommended by the doctor. Take your medications on time and only take the doctor's dosage as the condition varies from one patient to another. If the side effects of any of the above medications worsen, consult with your doctor or pharmacist immediately. Read about:- Metastatic Non small cell lung cancer treatment |
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