Multiple myeloma: Multiple myeloma is also learned as plasma cell myeloma. It is a type of cancer in plasma cells. A plasma cell is a type of white blood cell that produces an antibody for humans. After affecting its immune system multiple myeloma also causes a lot of opportunistic infections.
At the initial stage, there are no symptoms observed of multiple myeloma. However few symptoms mentioned below is noticed at a later stage:
There are a few medications that are helpful in the treatment of multiple myeloma. These drugs either work by strengthening the immune system of the body by increasing the number of plasma cells or by blocking the survival activity of cancerous cells. These medications are: Lenalidomide: Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analog drug that is used in the treatment of multiple Myeloma when combined with dexamethasone, inpatient who has received at least one previous therapy. It is also used in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma and in myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS). In the case of Mantle cell lymphoma, it is combined with Bortezomib in the patient having at least two prior therapy. This drug is available in capsule form of different concentrations such as:
Some serious side effects of this medicine are:
Pomalidomide: Pomalidomide is a thalidomide analog that is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, in combination with dexamethasone. This medication is used on the patient who has at least two previous therapies of lenalidomide and proteasome inhibitor class drug. This drug is available in capsule form of different strengths which are as follows:
Side effects of this drug are cited below:
Carfilzomib: This medication is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma in a patient who has received at least 2 prior therapies. This therapy must include bortezomib 20 and an immunomodulatory agent. Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor class drug which should be administered within 60 days of completion of the last therapy. This medication comes in a single wild which contains 60mg of carfilzomib. This is injected intravenously at alternative days for at least two to three weeks. Serious adverse reaction of Carfilzomib injection are:
Daratumumab: The drug Daratumumab, sold under the brand name Darzalex. It is the first monoclonal antibody approved to use for multiple myeloma. It is approved by the FDA in order to treat the multiple myeloma patients, who have received at least 3 prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor and an IMiD, or who are refractory to both a proteasome inhibitor and IMiD. This drug is recommended to be given as an intravenous infusion at a dose of 16 mg/kg of body weight. It is given weekly during Weeks 1 through 8, every 2 weeks during Weeks 9 through 24, and then every 4 weeks until disease progression. The most common adverse reactions include:
Thalidomide: In the year of 1998, Thalidomide was approved for medical use in the United States. Thalidomide is recommended as a first-line treatment option for multiple myeloma together with dexamethasone. This immunomodulatory medication works by a number of mechanisms including stimulating T cells and decreasing TNF-α production Administration in pregnancy may be harmful for the baby, including resulting in malformation of the limbs. Most commonly reported side effects include:
Melphalan: It has been used to treat Multiple Myeloma since the 1960s. Melphalan (Alkeran) is a chemotherapy drug commonly used in treating multiple myeloma. It belongs to the family of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. It acts by interfering with the creation of DNA & RNA. This drug should be used by mouth or by injection into a vein. Patients with this medication may experience some most commonly reported side effects include:
Bortezomib: This drug was the first drug to be approved for the use of multiple myeloma. This drug has a major advantage to be used in a patient having multiple myeloma and suffering from kidney problems. This is available in injection form and is injected intravenously once or twice a week. Some common side effects of this drug are fever, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, nausea, lowered blood count, and tiredness. Bortezomib can also cause tingling, pain, or numbness in hand and feet due to peripheral neuropathy damage. Ixazomib: This drug belongs to a proteasome inhibitor class drug that is used for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma. This is available in capsule form and should be taken orally once a week followed by three weeks. Some common side effects of this drug include back pain, swelling in hands and feet, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and low blood platelet count. In a few cases, this can cause peripheral neuropathy leading to nerve damage. Panobinostat: This drug belongs to histone deacetylase inhibitors class drug that is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma who have already been treated with bortezomib and immunomodulating agent. This is available in capsule form and should be taken 3 times a week. Some common adverse reactions of medication are vomiting, swelling in arms and legs, weakness, fever, tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, decrease in potassium and sodium decrease, and decrease in blood cell count. Serious side effects include liver damage, change in heart rhythm, and bleeding inside the body. Bendamustine: Bendamustine belongs to the alkylating agents family of medication and acts in order to interfere with the function of DNA and RNA. This chemotherapy drug is recommended to be administered by injection into a vein, for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Some commonly reported side effects include:
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposome: It is an anthracycline topoisomerase inhibitor used for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma together with bortezomib in those patients who have not previously taken bortezomib and have taken minimum 1-prior therapy. Some most commonly reported side effects include:
Elotuzumab (Empliciti) is also recommended to be used for the treatment of adult patients along with pomalidomide (Pomalyst) and dexamethasone, who've taken 2-prior therapies including lenalidomide and a PI. This drug is specifically an immunostimulatory antibody, believed to target SLAMF7 through 2-mechanisms. Some commonly reported side effects of elotuzumab together with lenalidomide and dexamethasone includes:
Isatuximab can be responsible for causing a reaction in some individuals while it is being administered or within a few hours afterward, which may sometimes be severe. Symptoms may include
NOTE: The piece of information mentioned about "Medications which are helpful in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma" in this article is just for informational purposes and is not served as a substitute for the medical treatment, consultation, diagnosis of an experienced or qualified healthcare professional. Read:- How to deal with final stage of Multiple Myeloma
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